Abstract:
The Antarctic Treaty is the foundational international agreement that governs Antarctica. Signed in 1959 and entering into force in 1961, it establishes Antarctica as a zone dedicated to peace and scientific cooperation. Key provisions include the prohibition of military activity, nuclear testing, and the disposal of radioactive waste. The Treaty promotes freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation among nations, while suspending territorial sovereignty claims. This document laid the groundwork for the Antarctic Treaty System, including later agreements on environmental protection and the conservation of marine and terrestrial life. It remains a cornerstone of international environmental and geopolitical governance.
